This entry profiles anxiety/uncertainty management theory (AUM). The central thrust of AUM is to explain the interrelationships among uncertainty, anxiety, mindfulness, and communication effectiveness and their influence on intercultural communication.
Who developed uncertainty management theory?
The paper critically examines the Anxiety/Uncertainty Management (AUM) Theory, developed mainly by William Gudykunst, as one of the major intercultural communication theories. First, the key concepts of the theory are briefly identified.
When was uncertainty management theory created?
AUM is a theory based on the Uncertainty Reduction Theory (URT) which was introduced by Berger and Calabrese in 1974.
How is uncertainty management theory different than uncertainty reduction theory?
The uncertainty management approach differs from URT in that it challenges the notion that the only possible response to the cognitive state of uncertainty is the need to reduce it; instead, uncertainty is viewed as a state that is first perceived and appraised resulting in specific behavioral responses tied to
What are the purposes of AUM theory? – Related Questions
What are the 4 approaches to reduce uncertainty?
There are four ways to reduce uncertainty and lead to the positive associations demonstrated through axioms and theorems. They are passive, active, interactive, and acceptance strategies.
What are the three types of uncertainty in Uncertainty Reduction Theory?
These three options reflect three strategies of URT for gaining information and thus reducing uncertainty: passive, active, and interactive (Berger, 1979; Berger & Bradac, 1982).
What is the concept of uncertainty reduction theory?
The theory suggests that human beings are uncomfortable with uncertainty and seek the means to predict the trajectory of social interactions. In attempting to reduce that uncertainty, people tend to utilize passive, active, and interactive strategies to help predict and explain someone’s behavior during an interaction.
Is there any difference between uncertainty and imprecision?
Imprecision and inconsistency are essentially properties of the information itself whereas uncertainty is a property of the relation between the information and our knowledge about the world.
What is an example of uncertainty reduction theory?
It is believed that if a person shows more positive non-verbal expressions such as eye contact and smiling, the level of uncertainty of the other person diminishes. When this happens, the interaction between two individuals will increase because of a higher level of trust.
What are the three types of uncertainty explain each?
We distinguish three qualitatively different types of uncertainty – ethical, option and state space uncertainty – that are distinct from state uncertainty, the empirical uncertainty that is typically measured by a probability function on states of the world.
What is uncertainty in simple words?
uncertainty, doubt, dubiety, skepticism, suspicion, mistrust mean lack of sureness about someone or something. uncertainty may range from a falling short of certainty to an almost complete lack of conviction or knowledge especially about an outcome or result.
What are the three factors causing uncertainty?
Duncan (1972) describes three factors that contribute to this sense of uncertainty: (a) a lack of information about environmental factors that would influence a given decision-making situation; (b) a lack of knowledge about the effects of an incorrect decision; and (c) the inability of the decision-maker to assess the
What are examples of uncertainties in life?
Ten Things That Life’s Uncertainties Have Taught Us
- Rise to the occasion.
- Adversities don’t last for long.
- Always forge ahead.
- Never take the good times for granted.
- Accept change positively.
- Know who your real friends are.
- You can’t always predict the future.
- Time heals everything.
How do you overcome uncertainty in life?
But these simple steps can help you better face life’s uncertainties.
- Be kind to yourself.
- Reflect on past successes.
- Develop new skills.
- Limit exposure to news.
- Avoid dwelling on things you can’t control.
- Take your own advice.
- Engage in self-care.
- Seek support from those you trust.
What is the only certain thing in life?
“The Only Constant in Life Is Change.”- Heraclitus.
How do you live with fear and uncertainty?
7 strategies to help you live with uncertainty
- Don’t resist. There’s no doubt: We are living through challenging times.
- Invest in yourself.
- Find healthy ways to comfort yourself.
- Don’t believe everything you think.
- Pay attention.
- Stop looking for someone to rescue you.
- Find meaning in the chaos.
What is the most optimal way to remove a fear?
Ten ways to fight your fears
- Take time out. It’s impossible to think clearly when you’re flooded with fear or anxiety.
- Breathe through panic.
- Face your fears.
- Imagine the worst.
- Look at the evidence.
- Don’t try to be perfect.
- Visualise a happy place.
- Talk about it.
How do you stop worrying about things you can’t control?
How can you stop worrying?
- Mindfulness and meditation.
- Deep breathing.
- Practice self-compassion.
- Do a body scan.
- Share your fears with friends and family.
- Practice gratitude.
- Keep an emotions journal.
- Maintain a consistent sleep schedule.
How do you cope with things you can’t control?
7 Tips for How to Cope When Things Feel Out of Control
- Be aware of your feelings.
- Notice your mindset.
- Focus on what you can control.
- Spend time doing things that are meaningful to you.
- Look for sources of stress you can limit.
- Take more breaks.
- Be sure your coping strategies are helpful.
How do I stop ruminating thoughts?
Tips for addressing ruminating thoughts
- Distract yourself. When you realize you’re starting to ruminate, finding a distraction can break your thought cycle.
- Plan to take action.
- Take action.
- Question your thoughts.
- Readjust your life’s goals.
- Work on enhancing your self-esteem.
- Try meditation.
- Understand your triggers.
